When Was the Museum of Modern Art in New York Cituy Founded

Museum of Modern Art

Established	November 7, 1929
Location	eleven W 53rd Street, Manhattan, New York, U.s.
Visitor figures	2.v million/yeara
Director	Glenn D. Lowry
Website	world wide web.moma.org

The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an fine art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York Metropolis, U.s.a., on 53rd Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. It has been singularly important in developing and collecting modernist fine art, and is often identified as the near influential museum of mod art in the world.^[1] The museum's collection offers an unparalleled overview of mod and contemporary art,^[2] including works of architecture and pattern, drawings, painting, sculpture, photography, prints, illustrated books, flick, and electronic media.

MoMA's library and archives hold over 300,000 books, artist books, and periodicals, as well every bit private files on more than 70,000 artists. The archives contain primary source material related to the history of modern and gimmicky art.

History

The idea for the Museum of Modern Art was developed in 1928 primarily by Abby Aldrich Rockefeller (married woman of John D. Rockefeller Jr.) and two of her friends, Lillie P. Bliss and Mrs. Cornelius J. Sullivan.^[3] They became known variously every bit "the Ladies", "the daring ladies" and "the adamantine ladies". They rented modest quarters for the new museum and it opened to the public on November 7, 1929, nine days after the Wall Street Crash. Abby had invited A. Conger Goodyear, the sometime president of the board of trustees of the Albright Art Gallery in Buffalo, New York, to become president of the new museum. Abby became treasurer. At the time, it was America's premier museum devoted exclusively to modern fine art, and the first of its kind in Manhattan to showroom European modernism. ^[4]

Goodyear enlisted Paul J. Sachs and Frank Crowninshield to bring together him every bit founding trustees. Sachs, the associate director and curator of prints and drawings at the Fogg Art Museum at Harvard Academy, was referred to in those days every bit a collector of curators. Goodyear asked him to recommend a director and Sachs suggested Alfred H. Barr Jr., a promising young protégé. Under Barr's guidance, the museum's holdings quickly expanded from an initial gift of eight prints and one cartoon. Its first successful loan exhibition was in November 1929, displaying paintings by Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cezanne, and Seurat. ^[five]

First housed in six rooms of galleries and offices on the twelfth floor of Manhattan's Heckscher Building,^[6] on the corner of Fifth Avenue and 57th Street, the museum moved into iii more temporary locations within the next ten years. Abby's hubby was adamantly opposed to the museum (likewise every bit to modern art itself) and refused to release funds for the venture, which had to exist obtained from other sources and resulted in the frequent shifts of location. Nevertheless, he eventually donated the land for the current site of the Museum, plus other gifts over time, and thus became in event i of its greatest benefactors. ^[7]

The entrance to the Museum of Mod Art

During that fourth dimension information technology initiated many more than exhibitions of noted artists, such equally the lonely Vincent van Gogh exhibition on November four, 1935. Containing an unprecedented sixty-six oils and fifty drawings from the netherlands, and poignant excerpts from the artist's messages, it was a major public success and became "a forerunner to the hold van Gogh has to this day on the contemporary imagination." ^[viii]

The museum also gained international prominence with the hugely successful and now famous Picasso retrospective of 1939-40, held in conjunction with the Art Institute of Chicago. In its range of presented works, it represented a significant reinterpretation of Picasso for time to come art scholars and historians. This was wholly masterminded by Barr, a Picasso enthusiast, and the exhibition lionized Picasso equally the greatest artist of the fourth dimension, setting the model for all the museum's retrospectives that were to follow. ^[9]

When Abby Rockefeller'south son Nelson was selected by the board of trustees to become its flamboyant president in 1939, at the historic period of thirty, he became the prime instigator and funder of its publicity, acquisitions and subsequent expansion into new headquarters on 53rd Street. His brother, David Rockefeller, also joined the Museum'south board of trustees, in 1948, and took over the presidency when Nelson took upward position as Governor of New York in 1958.

David subsequently employed the noted builder Philip Johnson to redesign the Museum garden and named information technology in honor of his mother, the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden. He and the Rockefeller family in general have retained a close association with the Museum throughout its history, with the Rockefeller Brothers Fund funding the institution since 1947. Both David Rockefeller, Jr. and Sharon Percy Rockefeller (wife of Senator Jay Rockefeller) currently sit on the board of trustees.

In 1937, MoMA had shifted to offices and basement galleries in the Time & Life Building in Rockefeller Center. Its permanent and current home, now renovated, designed in the International Mode by the modernist architects Philip Goodwin and Edward Durell Rock, opened to the public on May 10, 1939, attended by an illustrious company of 6,000 people, and with an opening address via radio from the White House by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. ^[10]

Artworks

Considered by many to have the best collection of modern Western masterpieces in the globe, MoMA's holdings include more than 150,000 private pieces in addition to approximately 22,000 films and four million pic stills. The collection houses such important and familiar works equally the following:

La Bohémienne endormie (The Sleeping Gypsy – Zingara che dorme) by Henri Rousseau, 1897.

• The Sleeping Gypsy by Henri Rousseau
• The Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh
• Les Demoiselles d'Avignon by Pablo Picasso
• The Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dalí
• Broadway Boogie Woogie by Piet Mondrian
• Campbell's Soup Cans past Andy Warhol
• The Seed of the Areoi by Paul Gauguin
• H2o Lilies triptych past Claude Monet
• The Trip the light fantastic toe (painting) past Henri Matisse
• The Bather past Paul Cézanne
• The City Rises by Umberto Boccioni
• "Honey Song (Giorgio de Chirico)" by Giorgio De Chirico
• "I: Number 31, 1950" past Jackson Pollock
• Christina's Globe by Andrew Wyeth
• Cocky-Portrait With Cropped Pilus by Frida Kahlo
• Painting (1946) by Francis Salary

It also holds works by a wide range of influential American artists including Cindy Sherman, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Jasper Johns, Edward Hopper, Chuck Close, Georgia O'Keefe, and Ralph Bakshi.

MoMA developed a earth-renowned art photography collection, first nether Edward Steichen and and then John Szarkowski, as well every bit an important film drove nether the Museum of Modern Art Department of Moving picture and Video. The movie drove owns prints of many familiar characteristic-length movies, including Citizen Kane and Vertigo, but the department'southward holdings also contains many less-traditional pieces, including Andy Warhol's eight-hour Empire and Chris Cunningham's music video for Björk'due south All Is Full of Love. MoMA also has an important design drove, which includes works from such legendary designers as Paul László, the Eameses, Isamu Noguchi, and George Nelson. The design collection likewise contains many industrial and manufactured pieces, ranging from a self-aligning ball bearing to an entire Bell 47D1 helicopter.

Exhibition houses

At various points in its history, MoMA has sponsored and hosted temporary exhibition houses, which accept reflected seminal ideas in architectural history.

• 1949: exhibition house by Marcel Breuer
• 1950: exhibition house by Gregory Own^[eleven]
• 1955: Japanese exhibition house
• 2008: Prefabricated houses planned^{[12] [13]} by:
  • Kieran Timberlake Architects
  • Lawrence Sass
  • Jeremy Edmiston and Douglas Gauthier
  • Leo Kaufmann Architects
  • Richard Horden

Renovation

Within the MoMA building.

MoMA's midtown location underwent extensive renovations in the 2000s, closing on May 21, 2002, and reopening to the public in a building redesigned by the Japanese architect Yoshio Taniguchi, on November twenty, 2004. From June 29, 2002 until September 27, 2004, a portion of its collection was on display in what was dubbed MoMA QNS, a former Swingline staple factory in the Long Island City department of Queens.

The renovation project nearly doubled the space for MoMA'southward exhibitions and programs and features 630,000 square feet of new and redesigned infinite. The Peggy and David Rockefeller Edifice on the western portion of the site houses the main exhibition galleries, and The Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Instruction and Research Edifice on the eastern portion provides over five times more space for classrooms, auditoriums, teacher training workshops, and the Museum's expanded Library and Archives. These two buildings frame the enlarged Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden, dwelling house to two works by Richard Serra.

MoMA's reopening brought controversy as its admission cost increased from U.s.$12 to Usa$20, making it one of the nearly expensive museums in the metropolis; all the same it has free entry on Fridays afterwards 4pm, thank you to sponsorship from Target Stores. The architecture of the renovation is controversial. At its opening, some critics thought that Taniguchi's design was a fine example of gimmicky compages, while many others were extremely displeased with certain aspects of the blueprint, such as the flow of the infinite.^{[14] [fifteen] [sixteen]}

MoMA has seen its boilerplate number of visitors rise to 2.5 one thousand thousand from about ane.5 million a twelvemonth before its new granite and glass renovation. The museum's director, Glenn D. Lowry, expects average visitor numbers eventually to settle in at around two.1 1000000.^[17]

See besides

• Art museum
• Nelson Rockefeller
• David Rockefeller

Notes

1. ↑ Helen Gardner, Fred S. Kleiner, and Christin J. Mamiya, Gardner's Art Through the Ages: The Western Perspective (Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2006). "The Museum of Modern Art in New York City is consistently identified as the institution most responsible for developing modernist art...the most influential museum of modern fine art in the world." (p. 795)
2. ↑ Museum of Modern Art - New York Art World Retrieved July 14, 2008.
3. ↑ Wendy Jeffers, "Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: patron of the modern", Magazine Antiques, 2004-10. Retrieved July 14, 2008.
4. ↑ Start modern art museum featuring European works in Manhattan. Michael FitzGerald, Making Modernism: Picasso and the Cosmos of the Market for Twentieth-Century Art (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995), 120.
5. ↑ Origins of MoMA and first successful loan exhibition. Come across John Ensor Harr and Peter J. Johnson, The Rockefeller Century: Three Generations of America'south Greatest Family (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1988), 217-18.
6. ↑ Carter B. Horsley, The Crown Building (formerly the Heckscher Building) The Urban center Review. Retrieved July 14, 2008.
7. ↑ John D. Rockefeller, Jr. one of MoMA's greatest benefactors. See Bernice Kert, Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: The Woman in the Family unit (New York: Random House, 1993), 376-386.
8. ↑ Precursor to the electric current agree of van Gogh in public imagination. Bernice Kert, Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: The Woman in the Family unit (New York: Random House, 1993), 376.
9. ↑ MoMA's international prominence through the Picasso retrospective of 1939-40. Meet FitzGerald, op.cit., pp.243-62.
10. ↑ The formal opening of MoMA, Time Magazine. Mon, May. 22, 1939. Retrieved July 14, 2008.
11. ↑ Anthony Denzer, Gregory Own: The Mod Home As Social Commentary (New York: Rizzoli, 2008).
12. ↑ MoMA Announces Selection of Five Architects to Display Prefabricated Homes Outside Museum in Summer 2008 Retrieved July 14, 2008.
13. ↑ Robin Pogrebin, "Is Prefab Fab? MoMA Plans a Show", New York Times, Jan 8, 2008. Retrieved July 14, 2008.
14. ↑ John Updike, Invisible Cathedral, The New Yorker, 2004-11-15. "Nothing in the new building is obtrusive, cypher is cheap. It feels breathless with unspared expense. It has the enchantment of a bank subsequently hours, of a honeycomb emptied of honey and flooded with a soft glow." Retrieved July fourteen, 2008.
15. ↑ Roberta Smith, Tate Modern's Rightness Versus MoMA's Wrongs, New York Times, 2006-11-01. "The museum's big, dour, irrevocably formal vestibule atrium ... is infinite that the Modernistic could ill afford to waste matter, and such frivolousness continues in its visitor amenities: the difficult-to-notice escalators and elevators, the too-narrow drinking glass-sided bridges, the two-star eating house on prime garden real estate where there should be an affordable cafeteria ...Yoshio Taniguchi's MoMA is a beautiful edifice that apparently doesn't work." Retrieved July 14, 2008.
16. ↑ Witold Rybczynski, Street Cred: Some other Manner of Looking at the New MOMA, Slate.com, 2005-03-30. Retrieved July 15, 2008.
17. ↑ "Build Your Dream, Hold Your Breath", The New York Times, August half-dozen, 2006. Retrieved July 14, 2008.

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Denzer, Anthony. Gregory Ain: The Modern Home Equally Social Commentary. New York: Rizzoli, 2008. ISBN 9780847830626
• FitzGerald, Michael C. Making Modernism: Picasso and the Creation of the Market for Twentieth Century Art. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995. ISBN 9780374106119
• Gardner, Helen, Fred South. Kleiner, and Christin J. Mamiya. Gardner's Art Through the Ages: The Western Perspective. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2006. ISBN 0495004782
• Harr, John Ensor, and Peter J. Johnson. The Rockefeller Century. New York: Scribner, 1988. ISBN 9780684189369
• Jeffers, Wendy. "Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: patron of the modernistic", Magazine Antiques, 2004-10. Retrieved July 15, 2008.
• Kert, Bernice. Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: The Woman in the Family. New York: Random House, 1993.
• Lynes, Russell, Proficient Old Modern: An Intimate Portrait of the Museum of Modern Art. New York: Athenaeum, 1973.
• Reich, Cary. The Life of Nelson A. Rockefeller: Worlds to Conquer 1908-1958. New York: Doubleday, 1996.

External links

All links retrieved October 31, 2018.

• Museum of Modern Art official site

Popular visitor attractions in New York Urban center
Times Foursquare (35M) • Central Park (20M) • Metropolitan Museum of Art (4.5M) • Statue of Liberty (4.24M) • American Museum of Natural History (4M) • Empire State Building (4M) • Museum of Modernistic Fine art (2.67M) •

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